Private money is often misunderstood. Many industry professionals know very little about it, and fallacies and misconceptions tend to dominate the collective wisdom.
Private money is generally used as a bridge: a way to get from point A to point B. It is generally a short to medium term solution (1-6 years), and there is nearly always an exit strategy going in. It is used for all types of real estate secured financing: commercial retail, restaurants, hotels/motels, marinas, elder care facilities, industrial, agricultural, raw land, land development, construction, rehab, multi-family, single family homes, manufactured homes, and floating homes.
Private money rates generally range from 10 to 15%. The rate is determined by looking at a combination of factors: (a) LTV ratio, (b) strength of borrower, (c) condition/desirability of property, (d) actual cash-in or real equity contributed by borrower. Typically our rates fall in the 12-13% range.
We charge a loan fee generally equal to 6% of the gross amount of the loan. We also charge a doc prep fee ($500 or more, depending on the size of the loan), a property inspection fee ($500 or more, depending on the location of the property), and a collection account setup fee which is based on the size of the loan. There are no hidden junk fees.
Yes, if there is enough equity in the project. This is frequently the case.
We generally have a 3-6 month minimum interest clause for our loans. With a 3 month minimum interest clause, for instance, it means that if a borrower repays a loan in 3 months or more, there is no penalty. If the borrower repays the loan, for example in 2 months, then the borrower will have to pay an extra month's interest out of escrow at closing.
There are many reasons whey a borrower would choose to use private money. For example, professional real estate investors like to use private money when buying because they are able to make offers which are not constrained by long timelines and numerous rigid conditions. Often times speed is a very significant factor in completing a profitable transaction and in those cases it often makes sense to pay for a short-term private money option rather than loose the deal. Frequently the condition of a property won't allow for the initial financing with conventional money, and in those cases private money may be used. Often the type of property is a factor: banks don't like lending on raw land and lots, but private money lenders are more inclined to do so. Cash leverage is another factor. Loans based on the true value of a property, not the purchase price, so sometimes we lend 100% of the total acquisition cost for a property. The structure of the deal may be a factor. Most private money lenders allow the buyer to establish their equity through the mechanism of a seller carry back; banks won't do this. The list goes on and on.
Our most common loans are probably construction, rehab, and land development loans.
We have been known to close loans in a matter of one or two days, but more typically, you should figure on 1-2 weeks. (Keep in mind that it is only possible for us to move quickly if the borrower, broker and other third parties are moving quickly as well.)
Some private money lenders require them. Evidence of value is a critical part of the private money loan process. However, it is our opinion that a good set of comps is just as effective in establishing value as a good appraisal. Many of our borrowers are professional investors, and we feel that they are qualified to perform the value analysis. This allows us to streamline the process. However, it is important to note that putting together a good set of comps is hard work.
It is difficult to find an answer to this question. I've heard plenty of speculation. Some people say that it's because the money is used for "hard to do" loans. Others say it is because the loans are "hard to get" or "hard to pay." It is my belief that it is called hard money because traditionally it has been "real money" in the sense that it is not borrowed. Institutions loan borrowed money, and in this sense they loan "soft money." However, I must point out that things have changed a bit over the years, and these days a good deal of hard money is in fact borrowed. (I would guess as much as 50%.)
If we close the loan through escrow, the deposit is applied as a credit to the loan fees. If we don't close the loan because (a) the borrower does not or cannot perform or (b) the project upon inspection is "significantly" different than as represented, we keep the deposit to reimburse us for our costs.